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Ub-answers

CHEST QUESTIONS

1. In patients with cystic fibrosis,

(a) The sweat contains an abnormally high chloride and sodium content.

(b) Air trapping is the first radiological manifestation of cystic fibrosis on the plain chest radiograph.

(c) Chronic bacterial infections occasionally produce radiological changes resembling Actinomycosis , with chest wall and pleural involvement.

(d) The tracheal wall becomes increasingly rigid and narrowed due to tracheal fibrosis.

(e) In longstanding cystic fibrosis, ventilation and perfusion scans often show perfusion to be more severely impaired than ventilation.

 

2. In patients with pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae,

(a) Most become clinically apparent by the 2nd decade.

(b) Schistosomiasis is an uncommon cause of acquired A-V fistulae.

(c) 25% of patients have hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.

(d) The majority of A-V fistulae are found in the lower zones.

(e) On fluoroscopy A-V fistulae increase in size with the valsalva manoeuvre.

 

3. Regarding the pulmonary circulation,

(a) There is a known association of pulmonary artery stenosis with the Ehlers Danlos syndrome.

(b) The majority of patients with pulmonary artery stenosis have other congenital cardiac anomalies.

(c) Infection is the commonest cause of pulmonary artery aneurysm.

(d) Absence of the pulmonary valve is associated with aneurysmal dilatation of the pulmonary artery which particularly affects the right main pulmonary artery.

(e) Mycotic aneurysms of the pulmonary artery particularly affect the peripheral vessels.

 

4. The following questions relate to Bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia ,

 

(a) It is found more commonly in women than in men.

(b) Pulmonary function tests in established disease often show an obstructive pattern.

(c) Hyperinflation is a common early finding in these patients.

(d) A migratory pattern of pulmonary air space opacities mimicking Loefflers is seen in a small proportion of patients

 (e) Most patients benefits from corticosteroid therapy.

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